Enhanced Ruminal Fermentation Parameters and Altered Rumen Bacterial Community Composition by Formulated Rumen Buffer Agents Fed to Dairy Cows with a High-Concentrate Diet

The effects of rumen buffer agents on ruminal fermentation parameters and bacterial community composition were determined using in vitro vivo experiments three rumen-cannulated, high-concentrate fed Holstein Friesian dairy cows. Experiment 1 treatments included bentonite, calcium carbonate, oxide, sodium bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate, processed coral, unbuffered samples served as the control. 2 based formulation various combinations used 1. Combinations selected for study their buffering ability. Calcium sesquicarbonate stabilized pH improved fermentation. combined had a significant effect pH, capacity, total gas, volatile fatty acids. Firmicutes Bacteroidetes dominant phyla both Ruminococcus Prevotella found to be genera. bromii was predominant treatment group. jejuni more abundant control group compared group, which its abundance very low. flavefaciens Intestinimonas butyriciproducens gradually increased cows received treatment. Overall, diet administered induced adverse changes pH; however, supplementation enhanced characteristics altered community, could contribute preventing acidosis.